Fbise Notes-Computer | Programming in C Short Questions Chapter No.02 Class 10th

               

                 

                      Programming in C             CH# 02

      Questions and Answers

i.                      Define Computer Program.
 

Ans:          A computer program is a set of instruction(statements) written in a programming language to solve a particular problem and achieving specific results.

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ii.                  Differentiate between syntax and semantic
 

Ans:  Syntax:

Syntax refers to the rules of a programming language according to which statements of a program are to be written. It describes the way to write correct statements. It is similar to the grammar of a natural language.

For example: variable = expression;

Semantic:

Semantic gives meaning to statements of a programming language. It describes the sequence of operations to be performed by a computer.

For example: sum = a + b;

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 iii.    Write three differences between assembly language and HLLs.

Ans: Assembly Language:

            It consists of symbolic codes known as mnemonics. It was developed to make computer programming easier than machine language. A program written in assembly language must be converted into machine language before executed. An assembler is used to translate the program. Some characteristics of this language are:

a.       It allows the programmers to have access to all special features of computer.

b.      It requires less storage and less running time than HLLs. 

High Level Language:

            High level languages are English-oriented languages. They are commonly used for writing computer programs. In the language English words are used like print, go to, if, end etc. a compiler or interpreter is required to convert HLLs to machine language. Examples are Visual Basic, C, C++, Java , Pascal etc.

Some features of HLLs are:

a.       It is easy to learn and use.

b.      Coding and debugging is much easier.   

High level is classified into procedural, structured, and object-oriented programming language.

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iv.                Write four characteristics of HLLs.

             

       Ans:          Characteristics of HLLs:

1.      HLLs are simple, easier and less prone to errors.

2.      They are not machine dependent. The programs are independent of type of computer.

3.      The process of finding and removing errors in programs is easier.

4.      HLLs are highly structured. They allow programmers to breaks lengthy programs into modules.

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     v.   Define integrated Development Environment (IDE).     

      Ans: Integrated Development Environment:

IDE is computer software that brings all the processes and tools require for program development into one place. It makes the life of a programmer easier. They have user-friendly GUI. IDE for C language consists of:

i.                    Text Editor

ii.                  Compiler

iii.                Linker

iv.                Loader

v.                  Debugger  

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vi.   Differentiate between constant and variable.
             

       Ans:  Constant:

Constants are quantities whose values do not change during program execution. They may be numeric, character or string.

              Numeric Constants:

                        There are two types of numeric constants:

i.                    Integer constant

ii.                  Floating point constant.

Integer Constants:

            They represent values that are counted like number of students in a class. Examples are 7145, -234,26, etc.

Floating-point Constants:

            They are used to represent values that are measured, like the height of a person. Examples are 166.75cm, 82.6 kilograms etc.

Character Constant:

            It is one of the symbols in C character set. It includes digits 0 to 9 upper and lower case letters Aa to Zz, punctuations like . , ; and special symbols +, =, >. A character constant is enclosed by single quotes as ‘a’, ‘s’ etc.

  String Constant:

            They are the characters within double quotes such as “Hello Ahmed” etc.

Variable:

           

            A variable is a symbolic name that represents a value that can change during execution of a program. Variable are of two types numeric, character.

Numeric Variable:

            They are used to represent numeric values. They represent integer and floating-point values. Examples are sum, avg, length, salary, marks etc.

Character Variable:

            They represent character values. It can represent single character or string character. Some examples are name, city, gender etc.

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vii.              Which of the following are valid C variables? Give reason if not                          a valid  variable.         area, 5x, Sum, net pay, float_age, else, case,                        size22, my_weight.    

       Ans:          Valid Varibles:

                                    area, sum, age, size22

                        Not a valid Variable:

                                  5x(it begin with number), net pay, my weight(having space)  

                        float,else, case(reserve word).

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viii.            What are reserve words? Why they should not be used as variable                       names?
             

       Ans:          Reserve Words:

The words that are part of programming language and have special purpose in computer programs are called reserve words or keywords. They have predefined use and cannot be used for any other purpose. They are written in lowercase. There are 32 reserve words in C.

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ix.            Why comments are used in programs?
             

       Ans:          Comments in C:

It is a good programming practice  to add comments in program to make it easy for others to understand it. Comments in the source code are ignored by the compiler. There are two types of comments:

a.      Single line comment

b.      Multiple line comment

Single line comment:

            The // is used as single line comment. The syntax of single line comment is :

            // comment

Multiple line comment:

             The /*……*/ is used for multiple line comments.    

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x.                  What is the use of typecasting in C programs?
             

       Ans:          Typecasting in C:

It is a method to convert a variable from one data type to another data type during program execution. It makes a variable of one type to act like another type. For example, a variable of type int can act as a variable of type char  using type casting.

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